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Presentation at the CDC March 2002 Part 5

 

Methods and Brief Summary of Sequencing Study

DNA isolated from the stealth virus culture was cloned and sequenced.  Nucleotide sequences were analyzed using Blast Programs at NCBI. 

While the complete genome of human (HCMV) is known, only partial sequence data are available for African green monkey (SCMV), Baboon (BaCMV) and rhesus monkey (RhCMV) cytomegaloviruses.

Most of the clones aligned to CMV sequences. Near identity of some clones to SCMV. 

Several clones contained atypical sequences of bacterial origin. 

Other clones partially matched to human proteins, including to a cancer associated chemokine, and to various highly reiterated genes present in the human genome. 

The sequence data clearly establish the existence of atypically structured viruses.

Structure of Human Cytomegalovirus

(>230,000 nucleotides)

UL (Unique Long) Region US Region

||||---------------------------------------------------------------||||||||-------------------||||

Genes UL 1-154 US 1-32

Note: The majority of anti-CMV cytotoxic T cells are directed against UL 83 gene product. Other major antigens are UL 55 and UL 123. Deletion/mutation of these genes would enable a virus to evade effective CTL mediated immunity. 

SCMV Related Genes in the Cultured Stealth-Adapted Virus

CMV-Related                              Matching of Stealth Virus Sequences to

Contiguous                                 SCMV   BaCMV   RhCMV    HCMV

Sequences                                 nucleotide matching (Expect value)

Genes               Length

UL 14                1,458

UL 28-48           28,199

UL 48-54           8,407         UL50      571/598        422/465        384/453        159/185

UL 56                767                             (0.0)            (e-180)          (e-95)           (e-38)

UL 57 + ori       2,748         UL57     1226/1246     499/577       Not avail.      370/492

UL 61-69          4,459                          (0.0)               (0.0)                                 (e-62)

UL 70               1,729

UL 71-76          6,328

UL 77-78          1,884

UL 84-104        25,023       UL93      630/656       575/647        368/406          266/317

UL 104-105      1,464                         (0.0)             (0.0)            (e-137)            (e-57)

UL 111-112      1,955         UL111    760/807       709/901        74/89               75/89

UL 115-132      8,628                         (0.0)            (e-171)         (e-7)                (e-15)

UL 141-144      5,820

US 20-29          16,011      *5 copies of US28 related gene: a chemokine (and also       

                                                      HIV) receptor.

US 30-32          3,978

Analysis based on >300 clones of DNA of stealth virus culture. There is good evidence that the virus has a fragmented, unstable genome. Note apparent absence of UL 83 and UL 55. The UL 123 showed significant mutations. The products of these three genes would ordinarily provide the major antigens recognized by anti-CMV cytotoxic T cells. The nucleotide homology data establish that this particular stealth-adapted virus was derived from SCMV. It most likely arose from an SCMV-contaminated batch of live polio virus vaccine.

Analysis of the Bacteria Derived Genes

Clones obtained       Bacterium showing       Nucleotide      Bacterial proteins/genes

                                                                                             identified by sequence 

from stealth virus     the highest level of       (amino acid)    homology to the cloned 

                                                                                             DNA obtained from  the

                                                                                             SCMV derived  stealth

                                                                                             virus culture 

                                                                                                       

culture that match     sequence homology    identity 

to bacterial genes                                                

Clone   Size                                                       Expect  value

3B43     3,620              Brucella melitensis            0.0                      ribosomal RNA operon C

3B23     8,916                           "                            0.0                      sorbose dehydrogenase,  

                                                                                                        hippurate hydrolase     

3B313   7,985                           "                             0.0                      ABC transporter, metal

                                                                                                        chelation, secreted protein

3B614   5,062                           "                             0.0                      acetyl-CoA carboxylase,

                                                                                                         dehydroquinate shikimic acid

                                                                                                         kinase, recombinase

3B534   612                                                           3e-101                  enolase

3B315   4,495                           "                               (4e-97)              glutathione S-transferase,

                                                                                                        transcriptional regulator

C16134  4,142                          "                                  0.0                 dihydrodipicolinate synthase,

                                                                                                        guanosine

                                                                                                        pyrophosphohydrolase, DNA

                                                                                                        to RNA polymerase

C1616   4,626                           "                               e-120                UDP-epimerase, 3-

                                                                                                        demethylubiquinone-9-3

                                                                                                        methyltransferase, 

                                                                                                        sodium/bile cotransporter, 

                                                                                                        transposon from plasmid of  Agrobacterium (0.0)

3B41    2,869     Agrobacterium tumefaciens    (2e-155)        sensory transduction   histidine kinase

3B47    2,024     Sinorhizobium meliloti            (8e-139)        ABC transporter,

C16122  4,915   Zymomonas mobilis                  (5e-63)         dihydrodipicolinate synthase,

                                                                                             cystathionine gamma-synthase

3B513   8,106    Alpha-proteobacteria sp.          (e-30)            Fe binding, nitrogen fixating,   invertase, others

3B512   2,345    Mycoplasma                              (5e-98)          ATP-transporter p115-like

3B520   2,797              "                                      (e-37)            ABC transporters p29 and p69

3B35     2,142              "                                      (5e-81)          unknown function

3B632   1,396    Streptococcus                           (8e-33)           ribonuclease H

3B528   2,049             "                                       (3e-33)          glucuronyl hydrolase, sugar  transporter

Conclusion: Modified bacteria-derived sequences present in stealth virus culture. For many proteins there are structural similarities with related proteins from other bacterial species, leading to the probability of antigenic cross-reactivity.


 


 

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